{"id":1731,"date":"2018-06-22T14:34:17","date_gmt":"2018-06-22T21:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/?page_id=1731"},"modified":"2022-04-21T16:47:24","modified_gmt":"2022-04-21T23:47:24","slug":"the-ten-essentials","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wilderness-safety\/the-ten-essentials\/","title":{"rendered":"THE TEN ESSENTIALS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-parallax-none nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling lazyload\" style=\"--awb-background-position:center bottom;--awb-background-blend-mode:overlay;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:10%;--awb-padding-bottom:5%;--awb-background-color:rgba(10,10,10,0.69);--awb-background-size:cover;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/adventure-backpack-dusty-terrain-48137-1024x674.jpg\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-column-content-centered\"><div class=\"fusion-column-content\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:40;line-height:1.2;\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">The Ten Essentials<\/span><\/h1><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:32;line-height:1.2;\">Bring These Along<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>To ensure that you are equipped to deal with an emergency and spend an unforeseen night in the wilderness, experts advise that you carry the following <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rei.com\/learn\/expert-advice\/ten-essentials.html?cm_mmc=Email_com_gm-_-Newsletter-_-051311-_-img_advice\">Ten Essential &#8216;systems&#8217;<\/a> with you at all times while traveling in the wilderness:<\/p>\n<\/div><ul style=\"--awb-size:18px;--awb-line-height:30.6px;--awb-icon-width:30.6px;--awb-icon-height:30.6px;--awb-icon-margin:12.6px;--awb-content-margin:43.2px;--awb-circlecolor:#2e6432;--awb-circle-yes-font-size:15.84px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-compass fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Navigation<\/strong><br \/>\nA map of the area you are traveling in and a compass are mandatory, along with the knowledge of how to use them. At a minimum, you should be able to account for declination and understand the difference between true north and magnetic north. The map should be topographical and carried in a waterproof container, such as a large ziplock plastic bag. Climbers, scramblers and other off-trail travelers often also carry an altimeter, a most functional route-finding tool in the mountains, and a GPS unit.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-sun fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Sun Protection<\/strong><br \/>\nThis is critical in the mountains, especially on snow. Sunglasses should provide ultraviolet protection. Sunscreen should be rated at least SPF 15.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-tshirt fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Insulation<\/strong><br \/>\nConditions can abruptly turn cold, windy and wet in the mountains, so it\u2019s smart to carry an additional layer of clothing in case something unexpected prolongs your exposure to the elements. The extra clothing should be selected to allow you to survive the worst conditions that could be realistically encountered on your trip. In winter that means a blizzard and sub-zero temperatures. Your clothes should not be made of cotton, which robs you of heat when wet and increases the risk of hypothermia. Instead, use synthetics such as polypropylene, polyester (fleece) and nylon, or blends of the same with wool or silk. Common options include an insulated hat, a layer of underwear (tops and bottoms), extra socks and a synthetic jacket or vest. Curious fact: A hat provides more warmth for its weight than any other piece of clothing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-lightbulb fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Illumination<\/strong><br \/>\nMore and more hikers these days are not using traditional flashlights with bulbs, but headlamps with light-emitting diodes (LED\u2019s). LED\u2019s lights are lighter and more efficient, and many also offer a strobe mode which is a great option to have in an emergency situation. Carry extra batteries to be safe, and if you use a headlamp or flashlight with a traditional bulb, carry an extra bulb.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-briefcase-medical fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>First-Aid Supplies<\/strong><br \/>\nNot all of us have taken a first-aid course, but it\u2019s a great idea, especially wilderness-oriented first aid. That way you\u2019ll know how to properly use gauze pads, roller gauze, butterfly bandages, triangular bandages and medicines you should carry. The length of your trip and the number of people involved will impact the contents of your kit. It\u2019s also a good idea to carry some sort of compact guide to dealing with medical emergencies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-hotjar fab\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Fire<\/strong><br \/>\nStorm\/wind proof matches and a lighter, stored in a waterproof container are a must! This category also includes fire starters, such as candles, chemical heat tabs, canned heat or resin-soaked, chipped-wood blocks. If you must start a fire, be careful! Wildfires are a real threat to the Wilderness as well as to victims and rescuers!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-wrench fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Repair Kit and Tools<\/strong><br \/>\nA multi-tool is essential. The small pair of pliers on many multi-tools can be unbelievably useful. Depending on what you\u2019re doing in the wilderness, you may include safety pins, spare pack clips, cable ties, cordage and good-old duct tape. Here\u2019s a classic tip for carrying the basics of a poor-man\u2019s repair kit: Wrap strips of duct tape (the universal fix-it product) around your water bottle or trekking poles so you can repair who-knows-what in the backcountry.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-utensils fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Nutrition<\/strong><br \/>\nCarry at least enough food for an extra day and night in the woods. It should require no cooking and store well: granola, jerky, nuts, candy, dried fruit. The process of digesting food helps keep your body warm, so on a cold night it\u2019s smart to munch some food before bunking down. Just don\u2019t leave animal-attracting leftovers inside your shelter.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-tint fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Hydration<\/strong><br \/>\nYou can live for over a week without food, but not long without water, and dehydration can sneak up on you. Always carry at least one water bottle per person, and it\u2019s a good idea to pack iodine tablets to treat additional water, or carry a filter. On extended trips, it\u2019s wise to consult your map to identify possible water sources.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-warehouse fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Emergency Shelter<\/strong><br \/>\nIf you\u2019re carrying a tent, you\u2019re covered. But on day trips you should at least pack an emergency space blanket, in addition to your rain gear. Other options are plastic tube tents, ultra-light tarps or an extra-large plastic trash bag.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-bullhorn fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>The 11th Essential &#8211; Signaling and Communication<\/strong><br \/>\nWhile having the right equipment and knowledge to survive being injured or lost is important, being able to help searchers and rescuers find you is equally important. In a wilderness environment, it is often very difficult for both air and ground rescuers to spot a person. Because of this, West Valley SAR strongly recommends that all wilderness travelers carry an emergency whistle (it is louder than and will outlast your vocal chords) and a signaling mirror (a mirror flash can be seen over 15 miles away on a sunny day). Two-way radios and\/or a cell phone (see &#8220;A Note about Cell Phones&#8221;) can add a measure of safety in many situations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:145px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" alt=\"West Valley Search and Rescue Training\" title=\"32696667_1811299605557014_659356782212153344_n\" src=\"https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/32696667_1811299605557014_659356782212153344_n.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/32696667_1811299605557014_659356782212153344_n.jpg\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-1723\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27720%27%20height%3D%27960%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20720%20960%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27720%27%20height%3D%27960%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/32696667_1811299605557014_659356782212153344_n-200x267.jpg 200w, https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/32696667_1811299605557014_659356782212153344_n-400x533.jpg 400w, https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/32696667_1811299605557014_659356782212153344_n-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/westvalleysar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/32696667_1811299605557014_659356782212153344_n.jpg 720w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:32;line-height:1.2;\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\">In addition to the ten essentials, an invaluable piece of equipment is a Personal Locator Beacon<\/p><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\">A Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) is a portable transmitter capable of sending a personalized emergency distress signal to a network of orbiting satellites. Upon receiving a distress signal from a PLB, these satellites &#8220;fix&#8221; on the PLB&#8217;s location and relay information to the appropriate search and rescue authorities where search and rescue procedures begin. If you use a GPS-compatible PLB, your GPS coordinates are transmitted along with your distress signal, greatly reducing the time it takes to determine your position.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">For more detailed information on Personal Locator Beacons, please visit the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sarsat.noaa.gov\/emerbcns.html#PLBs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #cd6600;\"><strong>Satellite Aided Tracking website<\/strong><\/span>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Important: A Personal Locator Beacon should be activated only in situations of grave and imminent danger, and only as a last resort when all other means of self-rescue have been exhausted.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":1626,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>THE TEN ESSENTIALS &#183; 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